Computing Research Project

Network Protocols (rules) & Standards Language that used by systems that wish to communicate with one another Example : Communication with people not in the same language Types of network protocols & standards 1. TCP/IP 2. AppleTalk 3. UDP 4. 802.2 5. 802.3 6. FDDI 7. 802.5 TCP/IP -        Transmission control protocol internet protocol -        All computers connected to the internet uses TCP/IP 3 mains protocols TCP/IP -        The purpose of IP is to transfer packets to the correct destination -        The purpose of TCP is the sender and the receiver must accept the connection -        To make sure the message transfer successfully UDP -        User datagram protocol -        Just send information without establish connection Apple talk -        It is only use for MAC product -        Apple Talk can have 2 phase -        Phase 1 for smaller network, phase 2 for larger network 802.2 -   IEEE 802.2

Access methods -        How data are go in and go out from cable -        To make sure the data flow is correct Two types of access method -        CSMA -        Token passing CSMA (Carrier-sense multiple access) Two types of CSMA -CSMA/CD – with Collision Detection -CSMA/CA – with Collision avoidance CSMA/CD -        All devices in the network listen to the network, if there is no one is using they send message -        To detect and senses -        If someone is sending a message , you need to wait to avoid collision -        Listen first the cable if someone is using the cable CSMA/CA -        Take queue and orderly -        All the devices need to inform the network if they want to send a message Token passing -        Usually use ring topology -        when the token is free, than someone can send the message

OSI It stands for Open System Interconnection It is related and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems open to interconnection and communication with other system Application  - High-level including resource sharing, remote file access                      - Interact with the network, end users view the  message or information Protocol       - HTTP, FTP, SMTP                     - Data Presentation - Translation of data between a networking services and an application                      - to check what data is being send Protocol       - JPEG, GIF, MPEG                      - Data Session        - Managing communication sessions                     - To make sure each sender and receive agree.                     - Manages and terminate connection Protocol      - AppleTalk, Socket                    - Data Transport     - Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network                      - To make sure there is no

Two types of topology - Physical topology - Logical topology Point to point topology -        Two host -        Example Wi-Fi connect to router          Diagram BUS topology -                 All devices share single cable -        Example 5 pc connected to 1 line, and if one part is broken than it is lagging      Diagram       Advantages it is simple and reliable, requires small amount of cable       Disadvantages a cable problem can shutdown the entire network, troubleshooting problem is difficult to do Star topology Many devices are connected to only one hub or switch Example 5 pc connected to 1 switch/router/hub      Diagram Advantages -         Disadvantages   Expensive, more cable, If the switch is broken so there will be no connection -         Ring topology -        Each computer connect to exactly two other machines -        Using token ring      Diagram -       

LAN Description - Local area network - In one building Diagram How it works - It only works from one computer to another computer but inside in one building Examples - Micronet International College MAN Description - Metropolitan area network - Interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network Diagram How it works - The connection is only between a city Examples - Baiduri bank inside Brunei Muara only WAN Description - Wide area network - Connect the internet from outside the city Diagram How it works - The wireless connected to the internet Examples - Brunei to Temburong PAN Description - Personal area network - A network covering a small area such as a small room Diagram How it works - Connect wireless from your surrounding Examples - At your home